Showing posts with label the. Show all posts
Showing posts with label the. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 18, 2015

Published 9:31 AM by with 0 comment

THE DREAM OF LITTLE TUK Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales

Ah! yes, that was little Tuk: in reality his name was not Tuk, but that was what he called himself before he could speak plain: he meant it for Charles, and it is all well enough if one does but know it. He had now to take care of his little sister Augusta, who was much younger than himself, and he was, besides, to learn his lesson at the same time; but these two things would not do together at all. There sat the poor little fellow, with his sister on his lap, and he sang to her all the songs he knew; and he glanced the while from time to time into the geography-book that lay open before him. By the next morning he was to have learnt all the towns in Zealand by heart, and to know about them all that is possible to be known.

His mother now came home, for she had been out, and took little Augusta on her arm. Tuk ran quickly to the window, and read so eagerly that he pretty nearly read his eyes out; for it got darker and darker, but his mother had no money to buy a candle.

"There goes the old washerwoman over the way," said his mother, as she looked out of the window. "The poor woman can hardly drag herself along, and she must now drag the pail home from the fountain. Be a good boy, Tukey, and run across and help the old woman, wont you?"

So Tuk ran over quickly and helped her; but when he came back again into the room it was quite dark, and as to a light, there was no thought of such a thing. He was now to go to bed; that was an old turn-up bedstead; in it he lay and thought about his geography lesson, and of Zealand, and of all that his master had told him. He ought, to be sure, to have read over his lesson again, but that, you know, he could not do. He therefore put his geography-book under his pillow, because he had heard that was a very good thing to do when one wants to learn ones lesson; but one cannot, however, rely upon it entirely. Well, there he lay, and thought and thought, and all at once it was just as if someone kissed his eyes and mouth: he slept, and yet he did not sleep; it was as though the old washerwoman gazed on him with her mild eyes and said, "It were a great sin if you were not to know your lesson tomorrow morning. You have aided me, I therefore will now help you; and the loving God will do so at all times." And all of a sudden the book under Tuks pillow began scraping and scratching.

"Kickery-ki! kluk! kluk! kluk!"—that was an old hen who came creeping along, and she was from Kjoge. "I am a Kjoger hen," [*] said she, and then she related how many inhabitants there were there, and about the battle that had taken place, and which, after all, was hardly worth talking about.

     * Kjoge, a town in the bay of Kjoge. "To see the Kjoge
     hens," is an expression similar to "showing a child London,"
     which is said to be done by taking his head in both bands,
     and so lifting him off the ground. At the invasion of the
     English in 1807, an encounter of a no very glorious nature
     took place between the British troops and the undisciplined
     Danish militia.

"Kribledy, krabledy—plump!" down fell somebody: it was a wooden bird, the popinjay used at the shooting-matches at Prastoe. Now he said that there were just as many inhabitants as he had nails in his body; and he was very proud. "Thorwaldsen lived almost next door to me.* Plump! Here I lie capitally."

* Prastoe, a still smaller town than Kjoge. Some hundred paces from it lies the manor-house Ny Soe, where Thorwaldsen, the famed sculptor, generally sojourned during his stay in Denmark, and where he called many of his immortal works into existence.

But little Tuk was no longer lying down: all at once he was on horseback. On he went at full gallop, still galloping on and on. A knight with a gleaming plume, and most magnificently dressed, held him before him on the horse, and thus they rode through the wood to the old town of Bordingborg, and that was a large and very lively town. High towers rose from the castle of the king, and the brightness of many candles streamed from all the windows; within was dance and song, and King Waldemar and the young, richly-attired maids of honor danced together. The morn now came; and as soon as the sun appeared, the whole town and the kings palace crumbled together, and one tower after the other; and at last only a single one remained standing where the castle had been before,* and the town was so small and poor, and the school boys came along with their books under their arms, and said, "2000 inhabitants!" but that was not true, for there were not so many.

*Bordingborg, in the reign of King Waldemar, a considerable place, now an unimportant little town. One solitary tower only, and some remains of a wall, show where the castle once stood.

And little Tukey lay in his bed: it seemed to him as if he dreamed, and yet as if he were not dreaming; however, somebody was close beside him.

"Little Tukey! Little Tukey!" cried someone near. It was a seaman, quite a little personage, so little as if he were a midshipman; but a midshipman it was not.

"Many remembrances from Corsor.* That is a town that is just rising into importance; a lively town that has steam-boats and stagecoaches: formerly people called it ugly, but that is no longer true. I lie on the sea," said Corsor; "I have high roads and gardens, and I have given birth to a poet who was witty and amusing, which all poets are not. I once intended to equip a ship that was to sail all round the earth; but I did not do it, although I could have done so: and then, too, I smell so deliciously, for close before the gate bloom the most beautiful roses."

*Corsor, on the Great Belt, called, formerly, before the introduction of steam-vessels, when travellers were often obliged to wait a long time for a favorable wind, "the most tiresome of towns." The poet Baggesen was born here.

Little Tuk looked, and all was red and green before his eyes; but as soon as the confusion of colors was somewhat over, all of a sudden there appeared a wooded slope close to the bay, and high up above stood a magnificent old church, with two high pointed towers. From out the hill-side spouted fountains in thick streams of water, so that there was a continual splashing; and close beside them sat an old king with a golden crown upon his white head: that was King Hroar, near the fountains, close to the town of Roeskilde, as it is now called. And up the slope into the old church went all the kings and queens of Denmark, hand in hand, all with their golden crowns; and the organ played and the fountains rustled. Little Tuk saw all, heard all. "Do not forget the diet," said King Hroar.*

*Roeskilde, once the capital of Denmark. The town takes its name from King Hroar, and the many fountains in the neighborhood. In the beautiful cathedral the greater number of the kings and queens of Denmark are interred. In Roeskilde, too, the members of the Danish Diet assemble.

Again all suddenly disappeared. Yes, and whither? It seemed to him just as if one turned over a leaf in a book. And now stood there an old peasant-woman, who came from Soroe,* where grass grows in the market-place. She had an old grey linen apron hanging over her head and back: it was so wet, it certainly must have been raining. "Yes, that it has," said she; and she now related many pretty things out of Holbergs comedies, and about Waldemar and Absalon; but all at once she cowered together, and her head began shaking backwards and forwards, and she looked as she were going to make a spring. "Croak! croak!" said she. "It is wet, it is wet; there is such a pleasant deathlike stillness in Sorbe!" She was now suddenly a frog, "Croak"; and now she was an old woman. "One must dress according to the weather," said she. "It is wet; it is wet. My town is just like a bottle; and one gets in by the neck, and by the neck one must get out again! In former times I had the finest fish, and now I have fresh rosy-cheeked boys at the bottom of the bottle, who learn wisdom, Hebrew, Greek—Croak!"

* Sorbe, a very quiet little town, beautifully situated, surrounded by woods and lakes. Holberg, Denmarks Moliere, founded here an academy for the sons of the nobles. The poets Hauch and Ingemann were appointed professors here. The latter lives there still.

When she spoke it sounded just like the noise of frogs, or as if one walked with great boots over a moor; always the same tone, so uniform and so tiring that little Tuk fell into a good sound sleep, which, by the bye, could not do him any harm.

But even in this sleep there came a dream, or whatever else it was: his little sister Augusta, she with the blue eyes and the fair curling hair, was suddenly a tall, beautiful girl, and without having wings was yet able to fly; and she now flew over Zealand—over the green woods and the blue lakes.

"Do you hear the cock crow, Tukey? Cock-a-doodle-doo! The cocks are flying up from Kjoge! You will have a farm-yard, so large, oh! so very large! You will suffer neither hunger nor thirst! You will get on in the world! You will be a rich and happy man! Your house will exalt itself like King Waldemars tower, and will be richly decorated with marble statues, like that at Prastoe. You understand what I mean. Your name shall circulate with renown all round the earth, like unto the ship that was to have sailed from Corsor; and in Roeskilde—"

"Do not forget the diet!" said King Hroar.

"Then you will speak well and wisely, little Tukey; and when at last you sink into your grave, you shall sleep as quietly—"

"As if I lay in Soroe," said Tuk, awaking. It was bright day, and he was now quite unable to call to mind his dream; that, however, was not at all necessary, for one may not know what the future will bring.

And out of bed he jumped, and read in his book, and now all at once he knew his whole lesson. And the old washerwoman popped her head in at the door, nodded to him friendly, and said, "Thanks, many thanks, my good child, for your help! May the good ever-loving God fulfil your loveliest dream!"

Little Tukey did not at all know what he had dreamed, but the loving God knew it.
Read More
      edit
Published 6:16 AM by with 0 comment

What Is The Issue With Ireland

Let me specify it once again,even though I have told this earlier.I am not a Catholic (not even a Catholic Marxist),I am not a Protestant,I am just a mere human being (who is a Marxist) from India,Asia.I do not think I belong to any religion like that at all,so you can consider my judgement neutral. 
So,let us see this from the angle of secularism first.The misery practised by almost all Roman Catholics until the sixteenth century is unbearable and intolerable.I agree.Until Martin Luther came up with his thesis and hung it in front of the Wittenberg Church in 1517,the misery might not have just stopped.The way they hung Menocchio for just coming up with a new way of decoding the Bible is a huge crime.You have to let people interpret God the way they wish to.And even if a million other people today do not agree with my philosophy,there is another million who do - and even if there is no other individual who think alike me in any way(just for the sake of the analogy), I am free to think what I want to think and I ought to have full right to speak it aloud.These thoughts ultimately contribute to a collective ideology called democracy.We will not go about Economics at the moment to keep us focused on what we are dealing with.This topic will be discussed in the next topic,that is the post to be brought up next day. 
The second thing that we will try to look at if Politics and Religion can be separated in such an utopian manner.Many scholars believe that it is not possible and if you look at it logically,then it truly will never be possible.What do we do,then?All that can be done is give people belonging to different religions as well as different sectors within the religion a sense of equality.It must be seen that none feels alienated.Forced integration is a very,very negative social factor causing even riots and violence in certain cases.This is exactly what was not done in Ireland.What actually happened was the Protestants had a much better economic condition and as a result,a better social position.The Catholics are poorer,more prone to belong to the lower and downtrodden section of the society.What is even more annoying for them is that Ireland was a largely Catholic country.England tactfully (Ah yes,tactful - as they always are!) ensued the Protestant population and incited them to form a base in Ireland,to have a stronger hold and say over United Kingdom.They have shown a lot more tactful approach towards Scotland as well,but what they did towards the Irish and especially the Irish Roman Catholics somehow looks like a very wrong and negative incident to the eye.I remember looking at a poster in our Political Science book which read - "No Dogs.No Blacks.No Irish."How odd,how insane and how insensitively idiotic is that?
The third thing is that what the case is with Northern Ireland and what actually is their demand.The Northern part of Ireland ultimately started an armed revolt against the Unionists.They wanted to join with The Republic of Ireland (which was formed long back in 1937 and ultimately named The Republic of Ireland in 1948) but they actually accepted a peace treaty,or rather were compelled to do so.

The Two Irelands : Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland


The Flag of The Republic of Ireland

There were a lot of reasons behind the revolt,though.The Irish were prohibited from wearing their traditional dress,speak in Gaelic language or spread their own culture independently so that the British could carry on their own monopoly decisions practically over the socio-political conditions of the United Kingdom.This is where a certain sector of the religion - that is,the Catholics who wanted their separate identity to retain,which was obviously logical.The Protestants were conservative and remained submissive to the command of England.The war took lives,but when it comes to violence on the linguistic and cultural sentiments,people are bound to get emotionally devoted to sustain their own culture.And what the Unionists were trying to do was not justified,either.That you will be forced to sing the national anthem in a different language just because a certain powerful sector is dictating to do so cannot be justified.
Coming to the second fact that we have talked about,the economy,the Catholics are poorer economically than the Protestants and that is quite possibly where the concept of Catholic Marxism finds a place in the political scenario of Europe.Now,that is strange to me because I dont know how something as independent and as secular as Marxism can be opted for by a certain sector of a religion.
Looking at the distribution of the economy in the current years,the number of poor is continuously increasing in Northern Ireland. (Reference : http://www.ofmdfmni.gov.uk/child-working-age-poverty-update-jan-2014.pdf)The economical conditions are marginally better in the Republic of Ireland.(Reference : http://www.thejournal.ie/report-700000-living-in-poverty-in-ireland-412250-Apr2012/)
What really is a stake here is that a part of the Irish are socially stable and happy to practise their own culture whereas a part still faces injustice.However,I do not think you can forcibly change the culture of an entire group.As for the Republic of Ireland,it fills us with a certain warmth that the pure Irish culture is never going to vanish.

Disclaimer : The Photographs collected are from Wikipedia.
Read More
      edit
Published 3:01 AM by with 0 comment

People Are The Ones

The title of this post is inspired by Jean Jacques Rousseaus philosophy on people during the French Revolution.Looking at the Russian Revolution and looking at the way they removed the Tsar,looking at the Napalm used in the Vietnam War and yet,when the Vietnamese won,looking at the way the Chinese took power,looking at every part of how people arose for communism/socialism/true democracy,I find people are the ones who ultimately rule.And if you get them raged,its your responsibility to bear their rage as well.Thats what Trinomool Congress Party has got to do.Pay back - pay back to the millions for whom a mere  6,000 (About $ 1000) is the ultimate riches of their life. Instead of helping these chit funds and trying to cover up your misdeeds,you should have tried to pay back (You know,the other way is always there) Pay back these families where the daughter has been raped and you have given shelter to the goons involved.Pay back to those young people who have come from a middle class/poor family to give exams for getting jobs and later have found the names were already paneled for only TMC candidates.Pay back the lives of those Leftist workers whom you have murdered.Pay back those broken party offices.Pay back for this antidemocratic rulePay back the entire amount which according to me cannot even be estimated. And now comes the topic,rigging.Rigging in booths,Shooting CPI(M) party workers and even not leaving the Congress/BJP workers at some places,but the leftists are the most affected.Just what happened to our State President of DYFI (Democratic Youth Foundation of India) is intolerable. Just what you did to Sudipto Gupto (SFI Leader) is intolerable.Just what you did to those hundreds of Leftist workers/supporters is intolerable.Just what you did to those thousands of Party Offices of ours is intolerable.Rigging and trying to break the camera of journalists or shooting other party workers or scaring people is not the way.You will have to pay back for all these factors.Its people who rule,this truth must be realised and its this people whom you are getting frustrated - I just can say this wont help for a long time.Red cannot be killed like that because THE HAMMER AND SICKLE IS STRONGER THAN AN AK-47,MORTAR,TANK OR A NUCLEAR BOMB. 


Read More
      edit
Published 1:00 AM by with 0 comment

First Bank In The World When was the first bank established in the world

Today banks provide a variety of services, but they actually have two main tasks.
The first task is to accept deposits from people and keep their money until they need them again.
The second task is to give money loans to people that they are willing to pay back with interest.
Having this definition in mind, we can say that the banking is old as mankind.
In ancient Babylon, Egypt and Greece people were engaged in banking. The temples were usually the place where the money were deposited.
In Rome, in 210 BC with decree published by the Forum, the location of the money changers was determined.
However, in the Middle Ages, taking interest was considered a sin, and some countries have banned their citizens to establish a bank.
Of course, some people were still doing it.
Thus, in the Middle Ages money changers in Italy did their business on the street, on the bench, which on Italian is called “banco”, and hence came the name "bank".

When was the first bank established in the world?

Modern banking first emerged in Venice in 1587, when the “Banco di Rialto” was founded. The bank received deposits and allowed the investors to write checks based on money they had in the bank. In 1619 “Banco del Giro” took over “Banco di Rialto” and started to give receipts on the invested silver and gold, which were used as a cash receipts.
Bank of Amsterdam, founded in 1609, also issued certificates which were used as a "banks money."
In England the jewelers were also bankers until 1694, when the Bank of England was founded, which held a monopoly on public banking in England until 1825.
Read More
      edit

Tuesday, March 17, 2015

Published 1:31 PM by with 0 comment

Quote of the Week

"Oh, magic hour, when a child first knows she can read printed words."
--Betty Smith ( A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, 1943)


Read More
      edit
Published 12:00 PM by with 0 comment

The Human Skeletal System Interesting Facts About Our Skeletal System


HUMAN BODY SYSTEM DIAGRAM :

The problem is most of us are not curiosity seekers when it comes to the human body, particularly the skeletal system. Probably the total knowledge of what the average persons knows about this system, could be written in one paragraph.



The Human Skeletal System - Interesting Facts About Our Skeletal System

Now switching over to another topic just for a moment, let me talk about curiosity. We are nosy creatures by habit, and thrive on learning interesting things. It doesnt matter on what topic for the most part, if has something to do with us either direct or indirectly, then we want to here it. Only however if it simple to understand.


Now back to the skeletal system. This is definitely all about us, in fact it is us. Its not up to someone else to look after what belongs to us. The human anatomy is really not nearly as complex as we make it out to be. That statement only holds true for those that are not doing an in-depth study of the body. In those cases, yes it is complex, but not beyond understanding. Its just a matter of how much knowledge is necessary for the purpose we need it for. So in the case of the individual that wants to go into the medical profession, he needs a lot more knowledge than the average person who just want to take care of what he owns. Namely our body.

So not only are we going to talk about some interesting facts about your bones, we are going to learn some things that are important to our everyday living. Do you know that you have been losing things from your skeletal system over the years?

When you were born you had about 350 brand new bones. Now if you could peek inside yourself youd count around 206 or so. Thats 90 less then what you started with. You know darn well you havent had any surgery that removed 90 of your bones, and you also know that you were born perfectly healthy. This truly is a mystery, and now youre curious. Well actually it really isnt all that much of a mystery. Many of our bones simply fuse together throughout out lifespan. Part of the reason this happens is so those bones fusing together, can perform the functions we need as adults, which we didnt require as children.

Here is another point that may be of interest. Most of us reach our peak bone density or strength around the age of 20. So the adage that its "all down hill after 40" is misleading. Now dont let this thought depress you, and lead you to think that now that youre past twenty that you are past the prime of you life. It simply means that you need to ensure you are taking care of your body. particularly your skeletal system right from that age on. Not waiting till you reach 40 before you start thinking about whats good for your bones.

Lets cover one more interesting fact. There are so many to choose from its hard to decide which to share with you. How about those starvation diets that many of us have tried at some point in our life. We figure whatever damage they could cause is temporary right? Not so. you are damaging your bones because they are not being nourished properly. Who knows what lasting effects this could have.

So a little bit of basic knowledge about the body can mean a lot of good health through the years. You have to admit that some of the facts we covered here were quite interesting and did raise your curiosity.




“ Heres Your Chance To Skip The Struggle and Master Human Anatomy & Physiology In 3 Days Or Less... 100% Guaranteed ”



src="http://www.humananatomycourse.com/images/banner3.gif"
width="300" height="250" border="0">
Read More
      edit
Published 7:17 AM by with 0 comment

Earwig and the Witch

Earwig is used to getting her own way. An orphan left on the doorstep of St. Morwalds Home for Children, Earwig knows how to make others do her bidding. At her request the cook prepares her favorite lunch of shepherds pie, the matron hurries to keep her supplied in  red sweaters, and her fellow orphans indulge her in dimly-lit games of hide-and-seek, even the kids who are scared of the dark. Earwig is not among them. "Earwig was never frightened. She had a very strong personality."

This strong personality seems to meet her match when a strange couple visit the orphanage looking to foster a child. Till now Earwig has managed to fend off potential parents. For Earwig has no interest in leaving the orphanage. Why would she? Shes got everyone in the joint under her thumb.

The couple choose Earwig, despite her best efforts to look unlovable, and take her home to their bungalow at Thirteen Lime Avenue. From the start, Earwig suspects the couple of being not what they seem. Shes right. The "raggety, ribbly" woman in the big red hat is a bona fide witch and the man who has fiery eyes and what appear to be horns growing from his head is you-guessed-it. Earwig is put to work as the witchs assistant and spends her days pounding rat bones into powder and picking nettles from the garden. Her days of getting her own way are apparently over.

Or not. Earwig is a plucky child and she doesnt give in to despair. Refreshingly, she finds the odd situation shes in a challenge and one to be overcome not endured. Determined to learn magic, she pairs up with the witchs familiar, a talking black cat named Thomas, and together the two manage to turn the tables on the couple. By books end Earwig is once again firmly in the drivers seat. How she gets there makes for a fast, entertaining read.

Knowing this is Diana Wynne Jones last book made reading the story bittersweet. Although I cant know for sure, many signs pointed to this book being the first in a series. The question of Earwigs lineage (she was left at St. Morwalds with a tantalizing note pinned to her shawl) is left dangling, as is her friendship with Custard, a timid boy at the orphanage.

Earwig and the Witch
by Diana Wynne Jones
illustrations by Paul O. Zelinsky
Greenwillow, 128 pages
Published: January 2012
Read More
      edit
Published 6:16 AM by with 0 comment

The Respiratory System is Located in Your Chest and Upper Part of your Abdomen

 The Respiratory System is Located in Your Chest and Upper Part of your Abdomen. 
Read More
      edit

Monday, March 16, 2015

Published 2:01 AM by with 0 comment

What is the difference between NSTEMI and STEMI



Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are divided into:

1. STEMI - ST Elevation MI - the classical MI
2. NSTEMI - Non-ST Elevation MI.
3. UA - Unstable Angina

STEMI is when there is a transmural infarction of the myocardium - which just means that the entire thickness of the myocardium has undergone necrosis - resulting in ST elevation. Usually due to a complete block of a coronary artery (occlusive thrombus). This requires the use of thrombolytics like Streptokinase to lyse the thrombus. Evidence has proven that it is very effective and not as risky (Benefits > Risk)

UA or NSTEMI is when there is a partial dynamic block to coronary arteries (non-occlusive thrombus). There will be no ST elevation or Q waves on ECG, as transmural infarction is not seen. The main difference between NSTEMI and unstable angina is that in NSTEMI the severity of ischemia is sufficient to cause cardiac enzyme elevation.

Why is streptokinase not used in treating UA/ NSTEMI?

In patients with UA/NSTEMI, plaque stabilization to prevent progression of the disease is required. While fibrinolytics like Streptokinase benefit patients with STEMI, they may increase risk of bleeding complications for those with NSTEMI. This is also based on evidence - no benefit, more risk.

Summary:

1. STEMI - occlusive thrombus - ST elevation (and Q waves) - Cardiac Enzyme elevation - Fibrinolytics beneficial
2. NSTEMI - non-occlusive thrombus - NO ST/Q - Cardiac Enzyme elevation present - Fibrinolytics not beneficial
3. UA - non-occlusive thrombus - NO ST/Q - Cardiac Enzyme elevation absent - Fibrinolytics not beneficial
Read More
      edit

Tuesday, March 10, 2015

Published 4:00 AM by with 0 comment

The Greatest Military Commander of All Time

Who’s the greatest military commander of all-time? I am sure Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte and Genghis Khan is the first 3 person that comes to your mind. Well, they are great military leaders but there is one exceptional military commander in history that surpassed the records of these military geniuses in the person of Subutai.

Who is Subutai? Well, he is not that popular compared to Alexander and Napoleon but based on historical records, his military exploits and successes are incomparable. He is the wisest of the wisest and the greatest military strategist of all the strategists who conquered or overran more territory than any other commander in history. However, his popularity is overshadowed by Genghis Khan.


Image Source

Subutai is a military genius who was born in 1176 and died in 1248 at the age of 72. He was the primary military strategist and general of Genghis Khan and Ogedei Khan.

His name is also spelled in many different ways such as Subetei, Subetai, Subotai, Tsubotai, Tsubetei, Tsubatai, Sübeedei, Sübügätäi or Sübüätäi.

Subutai’s Accomplishments and Strategies as Military Strategist

Subutai directed more than 20 campaigns in which he conquered 32 nations and won 65 pitched battles, during which he conquered or overran more territory than any other commander in history.

* A pitched battle is a battle where both sides choose to fight at a chosen location and time and where either side has the option to disengage either before the battle starts, or shortly after the first armed exchanges.

He gained victory by means of imaginative and sophisticated strategies and routinely coordinated movements of armies that were hundreds of kilometers away from each other.

He destroyed the armies of Hungary and Poland within two days of each other, by forces over five hundred kilometers apart.

Subutai is regarded in history as one of the most prominent generals in terms of ability and tactics helping with the military campaigns in Asia and Eastern Europe.

He commanded many successful attacks and invasions during his time and was rarely defeated.

Subutai was one of the first Mongol generals besides Genghis Khan who realized the value of engineers in siege warfare.

Subutai made use of siege engine such as huge stonethrowers to clear the bank of crossbowmen and open the path for his light cavalry to attack without further such losses.

This novel attack was the first use in the West of such weapons as a form of tactical artillery.

While the stonethrowers were clearing the path to cross the main bridge, Subutai supervised construction of a temporary, emergency bridge downriver to outflank enemies.

These tactics were new to the forces he faced in Europe and the steppe, and they were unprepared to meet them.

Subutai was also well known for incorporating conquered peoples into his forces, especially engineers, who brought specialized skills.

He turned the gathering of intelligence and planning in advance into a fine art by utilizing spies to gather information at least a year before he attacks.

He tailored his strategy to the foe he faced, altering his tactics according to the opponents, the terrain, and the weather.

He emphasized the use of light cavalry in his army, and made sure that his troops were both mobile and self-sufficient. Usually he maneuvered the enemy into a position of weakness before accepting battle.

Unlike European or Japanese armies, which valued personal valor in a commander above all else, the Mongols valued strategic ability and the skill to make tactical adjustments in the heat of battle above all else in their leaders.

Subutai and Batu Khan sat on a hill, far from the engagement, where they could direct the flow of battle with flags. This was one reason among many that Subutai was rarely defeated.

In addition, he is often considered among the greatest of commanders, if not the greatest general ever.

Subutai defeated the Merkits along the Chu River in 1216 and again in 1219 in Wild Kipchak territory.

Subutai defeated the Alans and Don Kipchaks/Cumans and crushed a combined Rus and Cuman army along the Kalka on 31 May 1223.

A raid into Volga River territory is one of the rare defeats of Subutai

Another defeat of Subutai was at Shan-ch’e-hui.

In 1227, Subutai conquered the Jin districts along the upper Wei River.

Subutai was able to outmaneuver the Jin armies and won decisive victories at Sanfeng on 9 February 1232, Yangyi 24 February 1232, and T’ieh’ling 1 March 1232.

Subutai was tasked to direct the operations (under the overall command of prince Batu).

He defeated Kipchak leader Bachman on the north side of the Caspian Sea and next conquered the Volga Bulgars.

The Rus forces were defeated in 3 separate engagements and their cities were taken in quick succession.

In 1239, the Rus state of Chernigov was defeated and their cities were taken.
In 1240, Kiev, Vladimir and other cities were quickly taken.

The Mongols defeated European armies at Chmielnik (18 March 1241), Kronstadt (31 March 1241), Liegnitz (9 April 1241), Muhi (10 April 1241), and Hermannstadt (10 April 1241). Hungary was overrun.

The Mongols set out for home in 1242, after learning that Ă–gedei had died, relieving Vienna and the rest of Central Europe from further assaults.

The attack on Europe was planned and carried out by Subutai, who achieved his lasting fame with his victories there.

Having devastated the various Russian Principalities, he sent spies as far as Poland, Hungary, and even Austria, in preparation for an attack into the heartland of Europe.

Having a clear picture of the European kingdoms, he brilliantly prepared an attack nominally commanded by Batu Khan and two other princes of the blood.

While Batu Khan, son of Jochi, was the overall leader, Subutai was the actual commander in the field, and as such was present in both the northern and southern campaigns against Kievan Rus.

He also commanded the central column that moved against the Kingdom of Hungary.

Only the death of the Great Khan prevented the attack on the remainder of Europe.

Subutai with Batu Khan also invaded Kievan Rus, Bohemia, Poland and Hungary.

Subutai was placed in charge of the campaign against the Song in 1246, at 70 years old.

Biographical Facts About Subutai


Subutai’s exact date of birth is unknown but Historians believe he was born between the years of 1165–1170, probably just west of the upper Onon River in Mongolia.

He belonged to a tribe called Uriankhai, a tribe of forest people.

His father’s name is Qaban, a blacksmith which was not considered nobility. He was a proof that the Mongol Empire was a meritocracy.

Subutais family had been associated with the family of Genghis Khan for many generations.

His brother Jelme also served as a general in the Mongol army.

Subutai joined Genghis Khan when he was 17 and within a decade he rose to become one of the senior officers, commanding one of 4 roving detachments operating ahead of the main forces.

In 1212, Subutai took Huan by storm, his first major independent exploit mentioned in the sources.

Genghis Khan called him one of his "dogs of war", a title he earned through his campaigns.

Mongol histories say that Subutai said to Genghis Khan, "I will ward off your enemies as felt cloth protects one from the wind

See also
  • 100 Interesting Facts About Temujin or Genghis Khan 

  • 100 Interesting and Amazing Things About Alexander the Great 

  • 100 Interesting and Controversial Facts About Napoleon Bonaparte

Read More
      edit
Published 3:45 AM by with 0 comment

50 Entertaining and Interesting Facts About Elvis Presley The King of Rock and Roll

One of the most famous and influential entertainers of the 20th century is Elvis Presley. He is considered the “king of rock and roll”.

Here’s a long list of interesting facts about this superb entertainer.

1.) Elvis Aaron Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, USA on January 8. 1935.

2.) Elvis had an identical twin brother, Jesse Garon Presley. Jesse was delivered 35 minutes before him, stillborn.

3.) He and his parents were members of Assemblies of God.

4.) Presley was married to Priscilla and they had a daughter – Lisa Marie.

5.) Elvis admitted that he never had sexual intercourse with his wife upon learning that she is pregnant.


Image Source 

6.) His daughter, Lisa Marie, became the wife of Michael Jackson on May 26, 1994 but they divorced after 4 years due to irreconcilable differences.

7.) He was an American singer and an actor who is renowned as an early pioneer of rock music.

8.) Presley is regarded as one of the first mass idols of American popular culture due to electrically charged performances.

9.) He attended Pentecostal churches in his youth, and there he heard gospel music.

10.) At 10, Presley won a talent contest for a rendition of the ballad “Old Shep” (1933).


Image Source 

11.) He learned to strum the guitar during his teens.

12.) When he finished high school education, he worked as a truck driver.

13.) In 1953, he signed a contract with Sun Records and recorded some country-tinged singles in 1954 like “That’s All Right Mama” and “Blue Moon of Kentucky”.

14.) In 1955, Presley switched the next year to a major label, the Radio Corporation of America or RCA.

15.) His hit songs for RCA that landed on the number one spot in 1956 include “Heartbreak Hotel”; “I Want You, I Need You, I Love You”; “Don’t Be Cruel”; “Hound Dog”; and “Love Me Tender.”


Image Source 

16.) Presley starred in 4 motion pictures from 1956 to 1958: Love Me Tender (1956), Jailhouse Rock (1957), Loving You (1957), and King Creole (1958).

17.) He served in the United States Army for two years from 1958 to 1960.

18.) Musical films of Presley were Flaming Star (1960), Blue Hawaii (1961), Girls! Girls! Girls! (1962), Viva Las Vegas (1964), Roustabout (1964), Frankie and Johnny (1966), and Live a Little, Love a Little (1968).

19.) Hit songs of Presley in the 1960s were “It’s Now or Never” (1960), “Good Luck Charm” (1962), “Return To Sender” (1962), “Crying In the Chapel” (1965), “In The Ghetto” (1969), and “Suspicious Minds” (1969).

20.) Overall, Presley is credited with more than 100 singles that made the pop charts—far more than any other artist.


Image Source 

21.) Presley, a drug dependent, died on August 16, 1977 due to heart failure which is likely a result of his chronic overuse of prescription barbiturates.

22.) Presley is buried at his mansion called Graceland. It is a major tourist site in Memphis.

23.) Graceland is the second most visited/popular house in the United States receiving half a million visitors every year. Only the White House is more popular than Graceland.

24.) He plays the guitar and the piano.

25.) Presley is the best-selling solo artist in the history of popular music.


Image Source

24.) He was nominated for 14 competitive Grammys and won three; and received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award when he was only 36 years of age. 

26.) Elvis Presley has been inducted into four music “Hall of Fame”.

27.) A stamp depicting Presley was issued by the German post office in 1988

28.) At the age of 21, within a year of his first appearance on American network television, he was one of the most famous people in the world

29.) "Elvis Presley is the greatest cultural force in the 20th century"

30.) Presley made his first professional recordings in 1954 at the age of 19.


Image Source
Elvis’ wife, Priscilla

31.) In 2005, for the 5th straight year, Forbes named Presley the top-earning deceased celebrity, with a gross income of $45 million.

32.) He placed second in 2006, returned to the top spot the next two years, and ranked fourth in 2009.

33.) In 2007, he was second with his highest annual income ever, $60 million, spurred by the celebration of his 75th birthday.

34.) Presley holds the records for most songs charting in Billboards top 40 and top 100.

35.) He holds the records for most British number one hits, with 21, and top ten hits, with 76.


Image Source
Lisa Marie Presley – Elvis’ only child

36.) Two women fans were killed during Elvis funeral.

37.) Presleys last single issued during his lifetime, came out on June 6, 1977.

38.) His final concert was held in Indianapolis at the Market Square Area, on June 26, 1977.

39.) Elvis Presley’s fiancĂ©e at the time of his death is Ginger Alden, an actress/model from Memphis, Tennessee.

40.) Priscilla and Elvis Presley separated on February 23, 1972, after Priscilla disclosed her relationship with Mike Stone, a karate instructor Presley had recommended to her.


Image Source 
41.) Priscilla relates that when she told Elvis about his relationship to Mike Stone, Presley grabbed her and forcefully made love to her and declared that is how a real man makes love to his woman.

42.) Five months after Priscilla’s admittance, Presley’s new girlfriend, Linda Thompson, a songwriter, actress and one-time Memphis beauty queen, moved in with him.

43.) Linda Diane Thompson won the Miss Tennessee Universe Pageant in 1972. Their relationship ended in December 1976. 

44.) Presley’s concert Aloha on January 14, 1973 from Hawaii was the first global concert satellite broadcast, reaching approximately 1.5 billion viewers live and on tape delay.

45.) Presley’s costume at the Aloha concert became the most recognized example of the elaborate concert garb with which his latter-day persona became closely associated.


Image Source

46.) His wife Priscilla Presley was born Priscilla Ann Wagner on May 24, 1945. She is an American actress and businesswoman. Elvis and Priscilla were married from 1967 to 1973.

47.) Lisa Marie Presley, Elvis’ only child was born on February 1, 1968.

48.) Lisa is an American singer and songwriter who is also known as the “Princess of Rock and Roll”

49.) Elvis Presley was rejected as a singer after a tryout during his teenage and was advised to stick to truck driving because he’s not going to make it as a singer.

50.) Presley never received formal music training or learned to read music. He studied and played by ear.

See also
  • 40Interesting Facts About the Handsome Tom Cruise
  • Amazingly Interesting and Random Facts About Music and Entertainment
  • The Best Films of All Time
Read More
      edit

Monday, March 9, 2015

Published 11:15 PM by with 0 comment

The 3 Es of Education

What will 6th grade look like five years from now in 2015? Will today’s emerging technologies such as mobile learning, online classes or e-textbooks be commonplace in our nation’s classrooms? What new, yet to be invented technology tools and services will those 6th grade students be adapting to meet their learning needs, far ahead of the inclusion of those tools by their teachers in the classroom? What will be the expectations of today’s 6th graders for using these new technologies within learning in 2015 when they
are in 11th grade? What unforeseen demands will they have in 2015 for their high school (and ultimately college and/or workplace) to ensure personal productivity and 24/7 learning?



http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/pdfs/SU10_3EofEducation(Students).pdf



Read More
      edit